Environment variables in scripts

Nice tutorial here

Fixing Excel text exports in OS X

Excel exports .tsv and .csv with a broken linefeed character.

To fix: copy this file to "fixcel.py"

# fixcel.py

from sys import argv

infnam, outfnam = argv[1:]

inf = file(infnam)

indata = inf.read()

inf.close()

outdata = ""

for ch in indata:

if ord(ch) == 13:

  outdata += "\n"

else:

  outdata += ch

outf = file(outfnam,"w")

outf.write(outdata)

outf.close()

#

Then invoke with:

python fixcel.py oldfilename newfilename

Wordify

This code can count to a million in words. It could probably be refactored so it was shorter and could count to any number. If you were patient enough.

The "-b" flag puts "and" in the places a Brit would put it. It's optional but preferred.
I have random stopping points to increase the modest entertainment value of it running.

Can you recursively get wordify up to the quintillions? How should the "-b" flag be handled?

Can you do this in French?

from string import ascii_lowercase as alphabet
from sys import argv

units = [""] + "one two three four five six seven eight nine".split()
teens =  "ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen".split()
tenties = 2 * [""] + "twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety".split() 


def name(number,terminate = True,continued = False,brit=False):
    assert type(number) == int
    assert number > 0 and number < 1001
    if number == 1000: return "one thousand"
    hundreds,residual = divmod(number,100)
    tens,ones = divmod(residual,10)
    result = ""
    if hundreds:
        result += units[hundreds] + " hundred"
    if residual and hundreds:
        result += " "
    if brit and residual and (hundreds or continued):
        result += "and "
    if (tens == 1):
        result += teens[ones] 
        if terminate:
            result += "."
    else:
        if tens:
            result += tenties[tens]
            if ones: result += "-"
        if ones:
            result += units[ones]
        if terminate:
            result += "."
    return result

def wordify(number,brit=False):
    assert type(number) == int
    assert number > 0 and number < 1000000
    thousands,residual = divmod(number,1000)
    result = ""
    if thousands:
        result = name(thousands,False,brit=brit) + " thousand"
        if residual:
            result += " "
            result += name(residual,continued = True,brit=brit)
        else:
            result += "."
    else:
        result = name(number)
    return result

if __name__ == "__main__":

    from time import sleep
    from random import randint

    brit = "-b" in argv
    
    sleeper = 30
    for i in range(1,1000000):
        if i == sleeper:
            sleep(3)
            sleeper += randint(3000,90000)
        print wordify(i,brit=brit)

output:

one.
two.
three.
four.
five.
six.
seven.
eight.
nine.
ten.
eleven.
twelve.
...
nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-six.
nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-seven.
nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight.
nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine.

That's as far as it goes so far. Go fix it.

Up to 11

I managed to confuse myself for hours on #11 trying to be elegant. But I really like this solution:

grid = [[0]*23]*3 + [[int(x) for x in line.split()]+[0,0,0] for line in
'''08 02 22 97 38 15 00 40 00 75 04 05 07 78 52 12 50 77 91 08
49 49 99 40 17 81 18 57 60 87 17 40 98 43 69 48 04 56 62 00
81 49 31 73 55 79 14 29 93 71 40 67 53 88 30 03 49 13 36 65
52 70 95 23 04 60 11 42 69 24 68 56 01 32 56 71 37 02 36 91
22 31 16 71 51 67 63 89 41 92 36 54 22 40 40 28 66 33 13 80
24 47 32 60 99 03 45 02 44 75 33 53 78 36 84 20 35 17 12 50
32 98 81 28 64 23 67 10 26 38 40 67 59 54 70 66 18 38 64 70
67 26 20 68 02 62 12 20 95 63 94 39 63 08 40 91 66 49 94 21
24 55 58 05 66 73 99 26 97 17 78 78 96 83 14 88 34 89 63 72
21 36 23 09 75 00 76 44 20 45 35 14 00 61 33 97 34 31 33 95
78 17 53 28 22 75 31 67 15 94 03 80 04 62 16 14 09 53 56 92
16 39 05 42 96 35 31 47 55 58 88 24 00 17 54 24 36 29 85 57
86 56 00 48 35 71 89 07 05 44 44 37 44 60 21 58 51 54 17 58
19 80 81 68 05 94 47 69 28 73 92 13 86 52 17 77 04 89 55 40
04 52 08 83 97 35 99 16 07 97 57 32 16 26 26 79 33 27 98 66
88 36 68 87 57 62 20 72 03 46 33 67 46 55 12 32 63 93 53 69
04 42 16 73 38 25 39 11 24 94 72 18 08 46 29 32 40 62 76 36
20 69 36 41 72 30 23 88 34 62 99 69 82 67 59 85 74 04 36 16
20 73 35 29 78 31 90 01 74 31 49 71 48 86 81 16 23 57 05 54
01 70 54 71 83 51 54 69 16 92 33 48 61 43 52 01 89 19 67 48'''.split('\n')
] + [[0]*23]*3

import operator

print max([reduce(operator.mul, [grid[y+n*d[0]][x+n*d[1]] for n in (0,1,2,3)])
for x in xrange(0,20) for y in xrange(3,23)
for d in ((0,1),(1,0),(1,1),(-1,1))]) 

The halo of zeros is very clever and completely works around what made mine confusing, and despite everything, inelegant:

linelen = len(array[0])
for line in array:
    assert len(line) == linelen

numlines = len(array)
offset = 4

directions = {
              "row":(0,linelen-offset+1,numlines,(0,1)),
              "column":(0,linelen,numlines-offset+1,(1,0)),
              "slash":(offset-1,linelen-offset+1,numlines-offset+1,(-1,1)),
              "backslash":(0,linelen-offset+1,numlines-offset+1,(1,1))
             }

maxprod = None
valmax = 0

for direction in directions.keys():
    x0, xlen, yrg, delta = directions[direction]
    vec0 = [(x0 + i * delta[0] ,i * delta[1]) for i in range(offset)]
    for y in range(yrg):
        vec1 = [(item[0]+y,item[1]) for item in vec0]
        for x in range(xlen):
            vec = [(item[0],item[1]+x) for item in vec1]
            vals = [array[item[0]][item[1]] for item in vec]
            prod = reduce(mul,vals,1)
            if prod > maxprod:
                valmax = vals
                maxprod = prod

print valmax, maxprod

Puzzle 5

Profiting from my overwrought example 3

from bf7 import *
from sys import argv

if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(argv) == 1:
        upto = 10
    else:
        upto = int(argv[1]) 
    allprimes = primesupto(upto)

    result = 1
    for prime in allprimes:
        factor = prime
        while factor < upto:
            result *= prime
            factor *= prime
    print result

For me it would have been less work to just write

print 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 3 * 3 * 5 * 7 * 11 * 13 * 17 * 19

Best solution, for those who can remember grade school:

def gcd(a, b):
 while(b != 0):
  a, b = b, a%b
 return a
 
def lcm(a,b):
 return a * b / gcd(a, b)
 
print reduce(lcm, range(2, 21))

Puzzle 4

What's the largest palindrome number that is the product of two three digit numbers.

This time I have one of the better solutions:

def nextpal(low,high,reversed=False):
    assert low < high

    if reversed:
        candidate = high
        final = low
        increment = -1
    else:
        candidate = low
        final = high
        increment = 1
    while candidate != final:
        if str(candidate) == str(candidate)[-1::-1]:
            yield candidate
        candidate += increment

def getfactor(low,high,target):
    for test in range(low,high):
        if not target % test:
            residual = target/test
            if residual in range(low,high):
                return test, residual
    return None

if __name__ == "__main__":
    from time import time
    start = time()
    pal = nextpal(10000,1000000, reversed=True)
    while True:
        target = pal.next()
        result = getfactor(100,1000,target)
        if result:
            print target
            print result
            break
    end = time()
    print end - start

Most started from the factors to see if they built palindromes. Much better to go the other way; far fewer tests (the 94th palindrome succeeded, so less than 9400 calculations. The cast to string for the palindrome test is easy, but is it efficient?

The most interesting items on the discussion were the Pytho one-liner:

max(map(lambda s: bool(s) and max(s) or 0, [(filter(lambda n: n == int(str(n)[::-1]), map(lambda n: i*n, range(999, 99, -1)))) for i in range(999, 99, -1)]))

and the pen-and-paper solution

You can also do this with pen and paper. You have a number:

(100a + 10b + c)(100d + 10e + f)

Which is a palindrone. This factors out to:

100cd + 10ce + cf +
1000bd + 100be + 10bf +
10000ad + 1000ae + 100af

Assuming the first digit is 9, then cf must be equal to nine.
Also, both a and d must then be equal to nine. The only ways
to make the last digit of the product of two integers 9 would
be if those integers were either of:

1 and 9
3 and 3
7 and 7

So, both numbers must start with 9, end with either 1, 3, 7,
or 9, and one of them must be divisible by 11. The only
numbers divisible by 11 from 900 - 1000 are:

902
913
924
935
946
957
968
979
990

You can discard all of those that do not end in either 1, 3,
7, or 9, and you are left with:

913
957
979

So now the presumed answer is either:

(900 + 10 + 3)(900 + 10x + 3)
(900 + 50 + 7)(900 + 10x + 7)
(900 + 70 + 9)(900 + 10x + 1)

Factoring all those out, you get:

810000 + 9000x + 2700 + 9000 + 100x + 30 + 2700 + 30x + 9
824439 + 9130x

Now, for the first digit 824439 + 9130x to be 9, x must be 9
(if x were 8, then 824439 + 9130x = 897479, and the first
digit is 8). And so you have 913 * 993, which is the answer.
You can factor the others out to see if they produce a bigger
answer, which they don't.

Puzzle 3 without cheating

I am about 2800 times slower than the cheat I downloaded. But I get the right answer, and in a tolerable time (30 seconds). Pure brute forcing this seems like it would take much longer.

from sys import argv
from math import sqrt
from time import time

# PRIME GENERATOR

def nextprime():
    """ generate next prime """

    myprimes = [2]
    candidate = 3
    yield 2
    while True:
        factors = factorize(candidate,myprimes)
        if len(factors.keys()) == 1:
            myprimes.append(candidate)
            yield candidate
        candidate += 2

def primesupto(upto):
    """ collect primes from the generator"""

    result = []
    primes = nextprime()
    p = None
    while not p or p < upto:
        if p:
            result.append(p)
        p = primes.next()
    return result

def factorize(target,allprimes=None,verbose=False):
    """ get factors of an integer

    this works but is very slow if the primes aren't cached """

    factors = {}
    upto = int(sqrt(target))
    residual = target
    prime = nextprime()

    if allprimes:
        prime = allprimes.__iter__()

    while True:  # get factors and multiplicities up to sqrt(N)
        try:
            factor = prime.next()
        except StopIteration:
            break
        if factor > upto:
            break
        while not residual % factor:
            residual /= factor
            factors[factor] = factors.get(factor,0) + 1           

    if residual > 1: # if anything is left it is the sole prime factor > sqrt(N)
        factors[residual] = 1

    return factors
   
if __name__ == "__main__":
    target = int(argv[1]) # get target from command line
    upto = sqrt(target)
    starttime = time()
    allprimes = primesupto(upto)
    print max(factorize(int(argv[1]),allprimes).keys())
    endtime = time()
    print endtime - starttime

Update:

Best answer, wow!

from time import time
from sys import argv

n = int(argv[1])
d = 3

starttime = time()
while (d * d < n):
   if n % d == 0: n /= d
   else: d += 2
endtime = time()
print n
print endtime - startime

Runs in 0.7 msec. I feel like a complete idiot now. Oh well, it was interesting anyway.